生物胺是什么？生物胺用英语怎么说

发布时间：2024-04-16

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  Biogenic amines are a class of low molecular weight organic nitrogenous compounds with biological activity. They play important physiological roles in the body. Biogenic amines are widely present in animals, plants, and foods, especially in fermented foods where they are abundant. They are essential components of biologically active cells and play a significant role in regulating the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, as well as the stability of biological membranes. There are various types of biogenic amines, including putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, histamine, and tryptamine. Moderate intake of biogenic amines is beneficial to human health, but excessive intake may cause discomfort or even poisoning.

  生物胺是一类具有生物活性的低分子含氮有机化合物，它们在生物体内起着重要的生理作用。生物胺广泛存在于动植物体内及食品中，尤其是在发酵食品中含量较高。它们是生物活性细胞必不可少的组成部分，在调节核酸与蛋白质的合成及生物膜稳定性方面起着重要作用。生物胺的种类繁多，包括腐胺、尸胺、精胺、亚精胺、酪胺、苯乙胺、组胺和色胺等。适量的生物胺摄入对人体有益，但过量摄入可能会引起不适，甚至中毒。

  Biogenic amines can be detected in a variety of foods, especially in the following categories:

  1. Fermented foods: such as cheese, wine, beer, fermented sausages, and condiments. These foods contain a large amount of biogenic amines during the fermentation process due to microbial activity. For instance, tyramine and phenylethylamine are commonly found in high levels in wine and beer, while putrescine and cadaverine are often present in fermented meat products.
  2. Seafood: particularly fish and shellfish, which can accumulate histamine when not fresh or improperly handled, leading to what is known as "scombroid fish poisoning" when consumed in excess.
  3. Meat products: especially processed meats, such as sausages and hams, which may produce biogenic amines during processing and storage.
  4. Dairy products: certain types of cheese may also contain higher levels of biogenic amines.

  生物胺在多种食品中都可以检测到，尤其是在以下几类食品中含量较高：

  1. 发酵食品：如奶酪、葡萄酒、啤酒、发酵香肠和调味品等。这些食品在发酵过程中，微生物的活动会产生大量的生物胺。例如，酪胺和苯乙胺通常在葡萄酒和啤酒中含量较高，而腐胺和尸胺则常见于发酵肉类产品中。
  2. 水产品：尤其是鱼类和海鲜，特别是在不新鲜或处理不当的情况下，容易积累组胺，过量摄入可能导致所谓的“鳞状鱼中毒”。
  3. 肉类产品：尤其是加工肉类，如香肠、火腿等，在加工和储存过程中可能产生生物胺。
  4. 乳制品：一些乳制品，如某些类型的奶酪，也可能含有较高水平的生物胺。

  To control the content of biogenic amines in foods, various measures can be taken, including improving production processes, using specific microbial strains, adjusting formulas, and employing physical or chemical treatment methods. For example, reducing the content of free amino acids in foods, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that produce decarboxylase, suppressing the activity of decarboxylase, or enhancing the degradation of biogenic amines can effectively reduce their accumulation. Additionally, vacuum packaging, irradiation, and the addition of natural plant extracts have also been proven to play a positive role in inhibiting the formation of biogenic amines.

  为了控制食品中的生物胺含量，可以采取多种措施，包括改进生产工艺、使用特定的微生物菌株、调整配方以及采用物理或化学处理方法。例如，通过减少食品中游离氨基酸的含量、抑制产氨基酸脱羧酶微生物的生长、抑制氨基酸脱羧酶的活性或增强生物胺的降解水平等方法，可以有效降低生物胺的积累。此外，真空包装、辐射处理和添加天然植物提取物等方法也被证明对抑制生物胺的形成具有积极作用。

  In conclusion, biogenic amines are an important class of biologically active substances with a dual impact on human health. Moderate intake can promote growth, enhance metabolic vitality, strengthen immunity, and eliminate free radicals, while excessive intake may cause discomfort. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of biogenic amines, their presence in foods, and how to control their content is crucial for ensuring food safety and promoting public health.
  
  总之，生物胺是一类重要的生物活性物质，它们在食品中的存在对人体健康有着双重影响。适量摄入生物胺可以促进生长、增强代谢活力、增强免疫力和清除自由基等，但过量摄入则可能引起不适。因此，了解生物胺的特性、它们在食品中的存在以及如何控制它们的含量对于确保食品安全和促进公共健康至关重要。

  与生物胺相关的英语词汇及短语：

  1. Biogenic Amines: 生物胺
  2. Neurotransmitters: 神经递质
  3. Histamine: 组胺
  4. Dopamine: 多巴胺
  5. Serotonin: 血清素
  6. Norepinephrine: 去甲肾上腺素
  7. Epinephrine: 肾上腺素
  8. Tyramine: 酪胺
  9. Phenylethylamine: 苯乙胺
  10. Putrescine: 腐胺
  11. Cadaverine: 尸胺
  12. Tyrosine: 酪氨酸
  13. Decarboxylation: 脱羧作用
  14. Aromatic Amines: 芳香族胺
  15. Aliphatic Amines: 脂肪族胺
  16. Biogenic Amine Hypothesis: 生物胺假说
  17. Biogenic Amine Transporters: 生物胺转运体
  18. Biogenic Amine Receptors: 生物胺受体
  19. Biogenic Amine Metabolism: 生物胺代谢
  20. Biogenic Amine Levels: 生物胺水平